Derive traits and Screen changes

ctru-rs/examples/audio-filters.rs

@@ -154,10 +154,6 @@ fn main() {
             altern = !altern;
         }
 
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
-
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }

ctru-rs/examples/buttons.rs

@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ fn main() {
         // Save our current key presses for the next frame
         old_keys = keys;
 
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/camera-image.rs

@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ fn main() {
     let mut hid = Hid::new().expect("Failed to initialize Hid service.");
     let gfx = Gfx::new().expect("Failed to initialize GFX service.");
 
-    gfx.top_screen.borrow_mut().set_double_buffering(true);
-    gfx.top_screen
-        .borrow_mut()
-        .set_framebuffer_format(FramebufferFormat::Rgb565);
-    gfx.bottom_screen.borrow_mut().set_double_buffering(false);
+    let mut top_screen = gfx.top_screen.borrow_mut();
+    top_screen.set_double_buffering(true);
+    top_screen.set_framebuffer_format(FramebufferFormat::Rgb565);
+    
     let _console = Console::new(gfx.bottom_screen.borrow_mut());
 
     let mut keys_down;
@@ -88,13 +87,15 @@ fn main() {
 
             rotate_image_to_screen(
                 &buf,
-                gfx.top_screen.borrow_mut().raw_framebuffer().ptr,
+                top_screen.raw_framebuffer().ptr,
                 WIDTH,
                 HEIGHT,
             );
 
-            gfx.flush_buffers();
-            gfx.swap_buffers();
+            // We will only flush the "camera" screen, since the other screen is handled by `Console`
+            top_screen.flush_buffer();
+            top_screen.swap_buffers();
+
             gfx.wait_for_vblank();
         }
     }

ctru-rs/examples/file-explorer.rs

@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ impl<'a> FileExplorer<'a> {
                 self.get_input_and_run(Self::set_exact_path);
             }
 
-            self.gfx.flush_buffers();
-            self.gfx.swap_buffers();
             self.gfx.wait_for_vblank();
         }
     }

ctru-rs/examples/futures-basic.rs

@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ fn main() {
             frame_count = 0;
         }
 
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/futures-tokio.rs

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ fn main() {
             break;
         }
 
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/gfx-3d-mode.rs

@@ -61,10 +61,6 @@ fn main() {
             buf.copy_from(IMAGE.as_ptr(), IMAGE.len());
         }
 
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
-
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }

ctru-rs/examples/gfx-wide-mode.rs

@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ fn main() {
             println!("Press A to enable/disable wide screen mode.");
         }
         
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/graphics-bitmap.rs

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ fn main() {
         }
 
         // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
+        bottom_screen.flush_buffer();
+        bottom_screen.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/hashmaps.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("{map:#?}");
 
     while apt.main_loop() {
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
 
         hid.scan_input();

ctru-rs/examples/hello-both-screens.rs

@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("\x1b[29;16HPress Start to exit");
 
     while apt.main_loop() {
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
 
         hid.scan_input();

ctru-rs/examples/hello-world.rs

@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/linear-memory.rs

@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/mii-selector.rs

@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/output-3dslink.rs

@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/romfs.rs

@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/software-keyboard.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Press A to enter some text or press Start to quit");
 
     while apt.main_loop() {
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
 
         hid.scan_input();

ctru-rs/examples/system-configuration.rs

@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ fn main() {
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::START) {
             break;
         }
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
 
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();

ctru-rs/examples/thread-basic.rs

@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ fn main() {
     }
 
     while apt.main_loop() {
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
 
         hid.scan_input();

ctru-rs/examples/thread-info.rs

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ fn main() {
             break;
         }
         
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/thread-locals.rs

@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ fn main() {
             break;
         }
 
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }
 }

ctru-rs/examples/time-rtc.rs

@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ fn main() {
         println!("\x1b[1;1H{hours:0>2}:{minutes:0>2}:{seconds:0>2}");
         println!("{weekday} {month} {day} {year}");
 
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
-
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }

ctru-rs/examples/title-info.rs

@@ -106,10 +106,6 @@ fn main() {
             refresh = false;
         }
 
-        // Flush and swap framebuffers
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
-
         //Wait for VBlank
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
     }

ctru-rs/src/applets/mii_selector.rs

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ use std::ffi::CString;
 
 /// Index of a Mii used to configure some parameters of the Mii Selector
 /// Can be either a single index, or _all_ Miis
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum MiiConfigIndex {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MiiIndex {
     Index(u32),
     All,
 }
 
 /// The type of a Mii with their respective data
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum MiiType {
     Guest { index: u32, name: String },
     User,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub struct MiiSelector {
 /// Return value from a MiiSelector's launch
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct MiiSelectorReturn {
+pub struct SelectionResult {
     pub mii_data: MiiData,
     pub is_mii_selected: bool,
     pub mii_type: MiiType,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub struct MiiSelectorReturn {
 
 /// Error type for the Mii selector
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub enum MiiLaunchError {
+pub enum LaunchError {
     InvalidChecksum,
 }
 
@@ -94,40 +94,40 @@ impl MiiSelector {
     }
 
     /// Whitelist a guest Mii
-    pub fn whitelist_guest_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiConfigIndex) {
+    pub fn whitelist_guest_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiIndex) {
         let index = match mii_index {
-            MiiConfigIndex::Index(i) => i,
-            MiiConfigIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_GUESTMII_SLOTS,
+            MiiIndex::Index(i) => i,
+            MiiIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_GUESTMII_SLOTS,
         };
 
         unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorWhitelistGuestMii(self.config.as_mut(), index) }
     }
 
     /// Blacklist a guest Mii
-    pub fn blacklist_guest_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiConfigIndex) {
+    pub fn blacklist_guest_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiIndex) {
         let index = match mii_index {
-            MiiConfigIndex::Index(i) => i,
-            MiiConfigIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_GUESTMII_SLOTS,
+            MiiIndex::Index(i) => i,
+            MiiIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_GUESTMII_SLOTS,
         };
 
         unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorBlacklistGuestMii(self.config.as_mut(), index) }
     }
 
     /// Whitelist a user Mii
-    pub fn whitelist_user_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiConfigIndex) {
+    pub fn whitelist_user_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiIndex) {
         let index = match mii_index {
-            MiiConfigIndex::Index(i) => i,
-            MiiConfigIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_USERMII_SLOTS,
+            MiiIndex::Index(i) => i,
+            MiiIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_USERMII_SLOTS,
         };
 
         unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorWhitelistUserMii(self.config.as_mut(), index) }
     }
 
     /// Blacklist a user Mii
-    pub fn blacklist_user_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiConfigIndex) {
+    pub fn blacklist_user_mii(&mut self, mii_index: MiiIndex) {
         let index = match mii_index {
-            MiiConfigIndex::Index(i) => i,
-            MiiConfigIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_USERMII_SLOTS,
+            MiiIndex::Index(i) => i,
+            MiiIndex::All => ctru_sys::MIISELECTOR_USERMII_SLOTS,
         };
 
         unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorBlacklistUserMii(self.config.as_mut(), index) }
@@ -143,24 +143,24 @@ impl MiiSelector {
 
     /// Launch the Mii Selector.
     /// Returns an error when the checksum of the Mii is invalid.
-    pub fn launch(&mut self) -> Result<MiiSelectorReturn, MiiLaunchError> {
+    pub fn launch(&mut self) -> Result<SelectionResult, LaunchError> {
         let mut return_val = Box::<ctru_sys::MiiSelectorReturn>::default();
         unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorLaunch(self.config.as_mut(), return_val.as_mut()) }
 
         if unsafe { ctru_sys::miiSelectorChecksumIsValid(return_val.as_mut()) } {
             Ok((*return_val).into())
         } else {
-            Err(MiiLaunchError::InvalidChecksum)
+            Err(LaunchError::InvalidChecksum)
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl From<ctru_sys::MiiSelectorReturn> for MiiSelectorReturn {
+impl From<ctru_sys::MiiSelectorReturn> for SelectionResult {
     fn from(ret: ctru_sys::MiiSelectorReturn) -> Self {
         let raw_mii_data = ret.mii;
         let mut guest_mii_name = ret.guest_mii_name;
 
-        MiiSelectorReturn {
+        SelectionResult {
             mii_data: raw_mii_data.into(),
             is_mii_selected: ret.no_mii_selected == 0,
             mii_type: if ret.guest_mii_index != 0xFFFFFFFF {
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl From<ctru_sys::MiiSelectorReturn> for MiiSelectorReturn {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<u32> for MiiConfigIndex {
+impl From<u32> for MiiIndex {
     fn from(v: u32) -> Self {
         Self::Index(v)
     }

ctru-rs/src/applets/swkbd.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::iter::once;
 use std::str;
 
 /// An instance of the software keyboard.
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Swkbd {
     state: Box<SwkbdState>,
 }
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ pub struct Swkbd {
 /// Numpad is a number pad.
 /// Western is a text keyboard without japanese symbols (only applies to JPN systems). For other
 /// systems it's the same as a Normal keyboard.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Kind {
     Normal = ctru_sys::SWKBD_TYPE_NORMAL,
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub enum Kind {
 }
 
 /// Represents which button the user pressed to close the software keyboard.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Button {
     Left = ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_LEFT,
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ pub enum Button {
 }
 
 /// Error type for the software keyboard.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(i32)]
 pub enum Error {
     InvalidInput = ctru_sys::SWKBD_INVALID_INPUT,
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ pub enum Error {
 }
 
 /// Restrictions on keyboard input
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum ValidInput {
     Anything = ctru_sys::SWKBD_ANYTHING,

ctru-rs/src/console.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ impl<'screen> Console<'screen> {
     /// Initialize a console on the chosen screen, overwriting whatever was on the screen
     /// previously (including other consoles). The new console is automatically selected for
     /// printing.
+    /// 
+    /// # Notes
+    /// 
+    /// [Console] automatically takes care of flushing and swapping buffers for its screen when printing.
     pub fn new(screen: RefMut<'screen, dyn Screen>) -> Self {
         let mut context = Box::<PrintConsole>::default();
 

ctru-rs/src/services/am.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct TitleInfo(ctru_sys::AM_TitleEntry);
+
 impl TitleInfo {
     pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
         self.0.titleID

ctru-rs/src/services/cam.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct Cam {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::flip_image]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum FlipMode {
     None = ctru_sys::FLIP_NONE,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub enum FlipMode {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_view_size]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum ViewSize {
     TopLCD = ctru_sys::SIZE_CTR_TOP_LCD,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub enum ViewSize {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_frame_rate]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum FrameRate {
     Fps15 = ctru_sys::FRAME_RATE_15,
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub enum FrameRate {
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_white_balance] or
 /// [Camera::set_white_balance_without_base_up]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum WhiteBalance {
     /// Normal
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub enum WhiteBalance {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_photo_mode]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum PhotoMode {
     Normal = ctru_sys::PHOTO_MODE_NORMAL,
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub enum PhotoMode {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_effect]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Effect {
     None = ctru_sys::EFFECT_NONE,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub enum Effect {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_contrast]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Contrast {
     /// OFF
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub enum Contrast {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_lens_correction]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum LensCorrection {
     Off = ctru_sys::LENS_CORRECTION_DARK,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub enum LensCorrection {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Camera::set_output_format]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum OutputFormat {
     Yuv422 = ctru_sys::OUTPUT_YUV_422,
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ pub enum OutputFormat {
 }
 
 /// Flag to pass to [Cam::play_shutter_sound]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum ShutterSound {
     Normal = ctru_sys::SHUTTER_SOUND_TYPE_NORMAL,
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ impl TryFrom<OutputFormat> for FramebufferFormat {
 }
 
 /// Struct containing coordinates passed to [Camera::set_trimming_params].
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct TrimmingParams {
     x_start: i16,
     y_start: i16,
@@ -193,11 +194,11 @@ impl TrimmingParams {
 }
 
 /// Represents data used by the camera to calibrate image quality
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct ImageQualityCalibrationData(pub ctru_sys::CAMU_ImageQualityCalibrationData);
 
 /// Represents data used by the camera to calibrate image quality when using both outward cameras
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct StereoCameraCalibrationData(pub ctru_sys::CAMU_StereoCameraCalibrationData);
 
 /// Represents the camera on the inside of the 3DS

ctru-rs/src/services/cfgu.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 use crate::error::ResultCode;
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Region {
     Japan = ctru_sys::CFG_REGION_JPN,
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub enum Region {
     Taiwan = ctru_sys::CFG_REGION_TWN,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Language {
     Japanese = ctru_sys::CFG_LANGUAGE_JP,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub enum Language {
     TraditionalChinese = ctru_sys::CFG_LANGUAGE_TW,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum SystemModel {
     Model3DS = ctru_sys::CFG_MODEL_3DS,

ctru-rs/src/services/fs.rs

@@ -23,17 +23,13 @@ bitflags! {
         const FS_OPEN_WRITE  = 2;
         const FS_OPEN_CREATE = 4;
     }
-}
 
-bitflags! {
     #[derive(Default)]
     struct FsWrite: u32 {
         const FS_WRITE_FLUSH       =   1;
         const FS_WRITE_UPDATE_TIME = 256;
     }
-}
     
-bitflags! {
     #[derive(Default)]
     struct FsAttribute: u32 {
         const FS_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY =        1;
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum FsMediaType {
     Nand = ctru_sys::MEDIATYPE_NAND,
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ pub enum FsMediaType {
     GameCard = ctru_sys::MEDIATYPE_GAME_CARD,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum PathType {
     Invalid = ctru_sys::PATH_INVALID,
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ pub enum PathType {
     UTF16 = ctru_sys::PATH_UTF16,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum ArchiveID {
     RomFS = ctru_sys::ARCHIVE_ROMFS,
@@ -234,7 +230,7 @@ pub struct Metadata {
 ///             .open("foo.txt")
 ///             .unwrap();
 /// ```
-#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct OpenOptions {
     read: bool,
     write: bool,

ctru-rs/src/services/gfx.rs

@@ -55,6 +55,23 @@ pub trait Screen: private::Sealed {
         unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxSetDoubleBuffering(self.as_raw(), enabled) }
     }
 
+    /// Swaps the video buffers.
+    /// 
+    /// This should be used even if double buffering is disabled.
+    fn flush_buffer(&mut self) {
+        let framebuffer = self.raw_framebuffer();
+
+        // Flush the data array. `self.raw_framebuffer` should get the correct parameters for all kinds of screens
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::GSPGPU_FlushDataCache(framebuffer.ptr.cast(), (framebuffer.height * framebuffer.width).into()) };
+    }
+
+    /// Swaps the video buffers.
+    /// 
+    /// This should be used even if double buffering is disabled.
+    fn swap_buffers(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxScreenSwapBuffers(self.side().into(), true) };
+    }
+
     /// Gets the framebuffer format
     fn framebuffer_format(&self) -> FramebufferFormat {
         unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxGetScreenFormat(self.as_raw()) }.into()
@@ -103,7 +120,7 @@ pub struct RawFrameBuffer<'screen> {
     screen: PhantomData<&'screen mut dyn Screen>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 /// Side of top screen framebuffer
 ///
@@ -128,6 +145,13 @@ pub struct Gfx {
 static GFX_ACTIVE: Mutex<usize> = Mutex::new(0);
 
 impl Gfx {
+    /// Creates a new [Gfx] instance with default init values
+    /// It's the same as calling:
+    /// `Gfx::with_formats(FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, false)`
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        Gfx::with_formats(FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, false)
+    }
+
     /// Initialize the Gfx module with the chosen framebuffer formats for the top and bottom
     /// screens
     ///
@@ -155,32 +179,6 @@ impl Gfx {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new [Gfx] instance with default init values
-    /// It's the same as calling:
-    /// `Gfx::with_formats(FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, false)`
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
-        Gfx::with_formats(FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, FramebufferFormat::Bgr8, false)
-    }
-
-    /// Flushes the current framebuffers
-    pub fn flush_buffers(&self) {
-        unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxFlushBuffers() };
-    }
-
-    /// Swaps the framebuffers and sets the gsp state
-    ///
-    /// Use this function when working with software rendering
-    pub fn swap_buffers(&self) {
-        unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxSwapBuffers() };
-    }
-
-    /// Swaps the framebuffers without manipulating the gsp state
-    ///
-    /// Use this function when working with GPU rendering
-    pub fn swap_buffers_gpu(&self) {
-        unsafe { ctru_sys::gfxSwapBuffersGpu() };
-    }
-
     /// Waits for the vertical blank interrupt
     ///
     /// Use this to synchronize your application with the refresh rate of the LCD screens

ctru-rs/src/services/gspgpu.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! GSPGPU service
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum Event {
     Psc0 = ctru_sys::GSPGPU_EVENT_PSC0,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub enum Event {
 }
 
 /// Framebuffer formats supported by the 3DS
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum FramebufferFormat {
     /// RGBA8. 4 bytes per pixel

ctru-rs/src/services/hid.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use crate::error::ResultCode;
 bitflags::bitflags! {
     /// A set of flags corresponding to the button and directional pad
     /// inputs on the 3DS
-    #[derive(Default)]
     pub struct KeyPad: u32 {
         const A             = ctru_sys::KEY_A;
         const B             = ctru_sys::KEY_B;
@@ -48,9 +47,11 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
 pub struct Hid(());
 
 /// Represents user input to the touchscreen.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct TouchPosition(ctru_sys::touchPosition);
 
 /// Represents the current position of the 3DS circle pad.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct CirclePosition(ctru_sys::circlePosition);
 
 /// Initializes the HID service.

ctru-rs/src/services/ndsp/mod.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 const NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS: u8 = 24;
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum OutputMode {
     Mono = ctru_sys::NDSP_OUTPUT_MONO,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub enum OutputMode {
     Surround = ctru_sys::NDSP_OUTPUT_SURROUND,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum AudioFormat {
     PCM8Mono = ctru_sys::NDSP_FORMAT_MONO_PCM8,
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ pub enum AudioFormat {
 }
 
 /// Representation of volume mix for a channel.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AudioMix {
     raw: [f32; 12],
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum InterpolationType {
     Polyphase = ctru_sys::NDSP_INTERP_POLYPHASE,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub enum InterpolationType {
     None = ctru_sys::NDSP_INTERP_NONE,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum NdspError {
     /// Channel ID
     InvalidChannel(u8),

ctru-rs/src/services/ndsp/wave.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub struct Wave {
     played_on_channel: Option<u8>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u8)]
 /// Enum representing the playback status of a [Wave].
 pub enum WaveStatus {

ctru-rs/src/services/ps.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use crate::error::ResultCode;
 use crate::Result;
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum AESAlgorithm {
     CbcEnc = ctru_sys::PS_ALGORITHM_CBC_ENC,
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ pub enum AESAlgorithm {
     CcmDec = ctru_sys::PS_ALGORITHM_CCM_DEC,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum AESKeyType {
     Keyslot0D = ctru_sys::PS_KEYSLOT_0D,
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ impl Ps {
 
     pub fn generate_random_bytes(&self, out: &mut [u8]) -> crate::Result<()> {
         ResultCode(unsafe {
-            ctru_sys::PS_GenerateRandomBytes(out as *mut _ as *mut _, out.len())
+            ctru_sys::PS_GenerateRandomBytes(out.as_mut_ptr().cast(), out.len())
         })?;
         Ok(())
     }

ctru-rs/src/services/sslc.rs

@@ -14,17 +14,6 @@ impl SslC {
             Ok(SslC(()))
         }
     }
-
-    /// Fill `buf` with `buf.len()` random bytes
-    pub fn generate_random_data(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> crate::Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            ResultCode(ctru_sys::sslcGenerateRandomData(
-                buf.as_ptr() as _,
-                buf.len() as u32,
-            ))?;
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for SslC {

ctru-rs/src/test_runner.rs

@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ pub(crate) fn run(tests: &[&TestDescAndFn]) {
     println!("Press START to exit.");
 
     while apt.main_loop() {
-        gfx.flush_buffers();
-        gfx.swap_buffers();
         gfx.wait_for_vblank();
 
         hid.scan_input();