Update render target API for auto framebuffer fmt

Transfer flags can be an implementation detail this way, although it
might need to be exposed eventually.

citro3d/examples/triangle.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@ use citro3d_sys::C3D_Mtx;
 use citro3d_sys::{shaderProgram_s, DVLB_s};
 use ctru::gfx::{Gfx, Side};
 use ctru::services::apt::Apt;
-use ctru::services::gspgpu::FramebufferFormat;
 use ctru::services::hid::{Hid, KeyPad};
 use ctru::services::soc::Soc;
 
-use citro3d::render::{ClearFlags, DepthFormat, TransferFormat};
+use citro3d::render::{ClearFlags, ColorFormat, DepthFormat};
-use citro3d::C3DContext;
 
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
@@ -59,20 +57,17 @@ fn main() {
     let mut top_screen = gfx.top_screen.borrow_mut();
     let frame_buffer = top_screen.get_raw_framebuffer(Side::Left);
 
-    let ctx = C3DContext::new().expect("failed to initialize Citro3D");
+    let mut instance = citro3d::Instance::new().expect("failed to initialize Citro3D");
-    let mut render_target = ctx
+
+    let mut render_target = instance
         .render_target_for_screen(
             &frame_buffer,
-            // TODO: why doesn't getting this from the screen work?
+            ColorFormat::RGBA8,
-            FramebufferFormat::Rgba8.into(),
             DepthFormat::Depth24Stencil8,
         )
         .expect("failed to create render target");
 
-    // TODO: easier construction of flags, see macros in <3ds/gpu/gx.h>
+    render_target.set_output(&*top_screen, Side::Left);
-    let transfer_flags = (TransferFormat::RGBA8 as u32) << 8 | (TransferFormat::RGB8 as u32) << 12;
-
-    render_target.set_output(&*top_screen, Side::Left, transfer_flags);
 
     let (program, uloc_projection, projection, vbo_data, vshader_dvlb) = scene_init();
 
@@ -91,22 +86,21 @@ fn main() {
             );
         }
 
-        // Is this format-dependent? because we used RGBA8 for transfer?
         let clear_color: u32 = 0x7F_7F_7F_FF;
         render_target.clear(ClearFlags::ALL, clear_color, 0);
-        render_target.set_for_draw();
+
+        instance
+            .select_render_target(&render_target)
+            .expect("failed to set render target");
 
         scene_render(uloc_projection.into(), &projection);
+
         unsafe {
             citro3d_sys::C3D_FrameEnd(0);
         }
     }
 
     scene_exit(vbo_data, program, vshader_dvlb);
-
-    unsafe {
-        citro3d_sys::C3D_Fini();
-    }
 }
 
 static SHBIN_BYTES: &[u8] =

citro3d/src/error.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     FailedToInitialize,
     /// A size parameter was specified that cannot be converted to the proper type.
     InvalidSize,
+    /// Failed to select the given render target for drawing to.
+    InvalidRenderTarget,
 }
 
 impl From<TryFromIntError> for Error {

citro3d/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,32 +6,34 @@ pub mod shader;
 pub mod texture;
 pub mod vbo;
 
+use citro3d_sys::C3D_FrameDrawOn;
 use ctru::gfx::RawFrameBuffer;
 pub use error::{Error, Result};
 
 use render::Target;
 
-/// The base context for using `citro3d`. This type must be used for
+/// The single instance for using `citro3d`. This is the base type that an application
+/// should instantiate to use this library.
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct C3DContext;
+pub struct Instance;
 
-impl C3DContext {
+impl Instance {
-    /// Initialize the default context.
+    /// Initialize the default `citro3d` instance.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
-    /// Fails if the `citro3d` library cannot be initialized.
+    /// Fails if `citro3d` cannot be initialized.
     pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
-        Self::with_command_buffer_size(citro3d_sys::C3D_DEFAULT_CMDBUF_SIZE)
+        Self::with_cmdbuf_size(citro3d_sys::C3D_DEFAULT_CMDBUF_SIZE)
     }
 
-    /// Initialize the context with a specified command buffer
+    /// Initialize the instance with a specified command buffer size.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
-    /// Fails if the `citro3d` library cannot be initialized.
+    /// Fails if `citro3d` cannot be initialized.
-    pub fn with_command_buffer_size(size: u32) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn with_cmdbuf_size(size: u32) -> Result<Self> {
         if unsafe { citro3d_sys::C3D_Init(size) } {
             Ok(Self)
         } else {
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ impl C3DContext {
         color_format: render::ColorFormat,
         depth_format: render::DepthFormat,
     ) -> Result<Target> {
+        let _ = self;
         Target::new(
             frame_buffer.width.into(),
             frame_buffer.height.into(),
@@ -57,9 +60,23 @@ impl C3DContext {
             depth_format,
         )
     }
+
+    /// Select the given render target for drawing the frame.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Fails if the given target cannot be used for drawing.
+    pub fn select_render_target(&mut self, target: &render::Target) -> Result<()> {
+        let _ = self;
+        if unsafe { C3D_FrameDrawOn(target.as_raw()) } {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::InvalidRenderTarget)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-impl Drop for C3DContext {
+impl Drop for Instance {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
             citro3d_sys::C3D_Fini();

citro3d/src/render.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,30 @@
+//! This module provides render target types and options for controlling transfer
+//! of data to the GPU, including the format of color and depth data to be rendered.
+
 use citro3d_sys::{
-    C3D_RenderTargetCreate, C3D_RenderTargetDelete, C3D_DEPTHTYPE, GPU_COLORBUF, GPU_DEPTHBUF,
+    C3D_RenderTarget, C3D_RenderTargetCreate, C3D_RenderTargetDelete, C3D_DEPTHTYPE, GPU_COLORBUF,
+    GPU_DEPTHBUF,
 };
 use ctru::gfx;
-use ctru::services::gspgpu;
+use ctru::services::gspgpu::FramebufferFormat;
 
 use crate::{Error, Result};
 
-/// A render target for `citro3d`. This is the data structure which handles sending
+mod transfer;
-/// data to the GPU
+
+/// A render target for `citro3d`. Frame data will be written to this target
+/// to be rendered on the GPU and displayed on the screen.
 pub struct Target {
-    tag: *mut citro3d_sys::C3D_RenderTarget_tag,
+    raw: *mut citro3d_sys::C3D_RenderTarget,
+    color_format: ColorFormat,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Target {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            C3D_RenderTargetDelete(self.raw);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Target {
@@ -26,7 +41,7 @@ impl Target {
         color_format: ColorFormat,
         depth_format: DepthFormat,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let tag = unsafe {
+        let raw = unsafe {
             C3D_RenderTargetCreate(
                 width.try_into()?,
                 height.try_into()?,
@@ -35,58 +50,47 @@ impl Target {
             )
         };
 
-        if tag.is_null() {
+        if raw.is_null() {
             Err(Error::FailedToInitialize)
         } else {
-            Ok(Self { tag })
+            Ok(Self { raw, color_format })
         }
     }
 
     /// Sets the screen to actually display the output of this render target.
-    pub fn set_output(&mut self, screen: &impl gfx::Screen, side: gfx::Side, transfer_flags: u32) {
+    pub fn set_output(&mut self, screen: &impl gfx::Screen, side: gfx::Side) {
+        let framebuf_format = screen.get_framebuffer_format();
+
+        let flags = transfer::Flags::default()
+            .in_format(self.color_format.into())
+            .out_format(ColorFormat::from(framebuf_format).into());
+
         unsafe {
             citro3d_sys::C3D_RenderTargetSetOutput(
-                self.tag,
+                self.raw,
                 screen.as_raw(),
                 side.into(),
-                transfer_flags,
+                flags.bits(),
             );
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn clear(&mut self, flags: ClearFlags, color: u32, depth: u32) {
+    /// Clear the render target with the given 32-bit RGBA color and depth buffer value.
-        unsafe {
+    /// Use `flags` to specify whether color and/or depth should be overwritten.
-            citro3d_sys::C3D_RenderTargetClear(self.tag, flags.bits(), color, depth);
+    pub fn clear(&mut self, flags: ClearFlags, rgba_color: u32, depth: u32) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    // TODO: this should maybe be a method on C3DContext instead?
-    pub fn set_for_draw(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
-            citro3d_sys::C3D_FrameDrawOn(self.tag);
+            citro3d_sys::C3D_RenderTargetClear(self.raw, flags.bits(), rgba_color, depth);
-        }
         }
     }
 
-#[repr(u32)]
+    /// Return the underlying `citro3d` render target for this target.
-pub enum TransferFormat {
+    pub(crate) fn as_raw(&self) -> *mut C3D_RenderTarget {
-    RGBA8 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGBA8,
+        self.raw
-    RGB8 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB8,
-    RGB565 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB565,
-    RGB5A1 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB5A1,
-    RGBA4 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGBA4,
-}
-
-// TODO: more flags
-bitflags::bitflags! {
-    pub struct TransferFlags: u32 {
-        const SCALE_NO = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_SCALE_NO;
-        const SCALE_X = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_SCALE_X;
-        const SCALE_XY = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_SCALE_XY;
     }
 }
 
 bitflags::bitflags! {
+    /// Indicate whether color, depth buffer, or both values should be cleared.
     pub struct ClearFlags: u32 {
         const COLOR = citro3d_sys::C3D_CLEAR_COLOR;
         const DEPTH = citro3d_sys::C3D_CLEAR_DEPTH;
@@ -94,14 +98,6 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
-impl Drop for Target {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe {
-            C3D_RenderTargetDelete(self.tag);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// The color format to use when rendering on the GPU.
 #[repr(u32)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -118,23 +114,28 @@ pub enum ColorFormat {
     RGBA4 = citro3d_sys::GPU_RB_RGBA4,
 }
 
-impl From<gspgpu::FramebufferFormat> for ColorFormat {
+impl From<FramebufferFormat> for ColorFormat {
-    fn from(format: gspgpu::FramebufferFormat) -> Self {
+    fn from(format: FramebufferFormat) -> Self {
         match format {
-            gspgpu::FramebufferFormat::Rgba8 => Self::RGBA8,
+            FramebufferFormat::Rgba8 => Self::RGBA8,
-            gspgpu::FramebufferFormat::Rgb565 => Self::RGB565,
+            FramebufferFormat::Rgb565 => Self::RGB565,
-            gspgpu::FramebufferFormat::Rgb5A1 => Self::RGBA5551,
+            FramebufferFormat::Rgb5A1 => Self::RGBA5551,
-            gspgpu::FramebufferFormat::Rgba4 => Self::RGBA4,
+            FramebufferFormat::Rgba4 => Self::RGBA4,
-            fmt => panic!("Unsupported frame buffer format {fmt:?}"),
+            // this one seems unusual, but it appears to work fine:
+            FramebufferFormat::Bgr8 => Self::RGB8,
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// The depth buffer format to use when rendering.
 #[repr(u32)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum DepthFormat {
+    /// 16-bit depth.
     Depth16 = citro3d_sys::GPU_RB_DEPTH16,
+    /// 24-bit depth.
     Depth24 = citro3d_sys::GPU_RB_DEPTH24,
+    /// 24-bit depth + 8-bit Stencil.
     Depth24Stencil8 = citro3d_sys::GPU_RB_DEPTH24_STENCIL8,
 }
 

citro3d/src/render/transfer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use citro3d_sys::{GX_TRANSFER_FORMAT, GX_TRANSFER_IN_FORMAT, GX_TRANSFER_OUT_FORMAT};
+
+use super::ColorFormat;
+
+/// Control flags for a GX data transfer.
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Flags(u32);
+
+impl Flags {
+    /// Set the input format of the data transfer.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn in_format(self, fmt: Format) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 | GX_TRANSFER_IN_FORMAT(fmt as GX_TRANSFER_FORMAT))
+    }
+
+    /// Set the output format of the data transfer.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn out_format(self, fmt: Format) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 | GX_TRANSFER_OUT_FORMAT(fmt as GX_TRANSFER_FORMAT))
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn bits(self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// The color format to use when transferring data to/from the GPU.
+///
+/// NOTE: this a distinct type from [`ColorFormat`] because they are not implicitly
+/// convertible to one another. Use [`From::from`] to get the [`Format`] corresponding
+/// to a given [`ColorFormat`].
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum Format {
+    /// 8-bit Red + 8-bit Green + 8-bit Blue + 8-bit Alpha.
+    RGBA8 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGBA8,
+    /// 8-bit Red + 8-bit Green + 8-bit Blue.
+    RGB8 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB8,
+    /// 5-bit Red + 5-bit Green + 5-bit Blue + 1-bit Alpha.
+    RGB565 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB565,
+    /// 5-bit Red + 6-bit Green + 5-bit Blue.
+    RGB5A1 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGB5A1,
+    /// 4-bit Red + 4-bit Green + 4-bit Blue + 4-bit Alpha.
+    RGBA4 = citro3d_sys::GX_TRANSFER_FMT_RGBA4,
+}
+
+impl From<ColorFormat> for Format {
+    fn from(color_fmt: ColorFormat) -> Self {
+        match color_fmt {
+            ColorFormat::RGBA8 => Self::RGBA8,
+            ColorFormat::RGB8 => Self::RGB8,
+            ColorFormat::RGBA5551 => Self::RGB5A1,
+            ColorFormat::RGB565 => Self::RGB565,
+            ColorFormat::RGBA4 => Self::RGBA4,
+        }
+    }
+}

citro3d/src/shader.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

citro3d/src/texture.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

citro3d/src/vbo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+