@ -23,10 +24,11 @@ We call this the 'hold-preferred' flavor of hold-taps. While this flavor may wor
@@ -23,10 +24,11 @@ We call this the 'hold-preferred' flavor of hold-taps. While this flavor may wor
For basic usage, please see [mod-tap](./mod-tap.md) and [layer-tap](./layers.md) pages.
For basic usage, please see [mod-tap](./mod-tap.md) and [layer-tap](./layers.md) pages.
### Advanced Configuration
A code example which configures a mod-tap setting that works with homerow mods:
```
@ -63,4 +65,5 @@ If this config does not work for you, try the flavor "tap-preferred" and a short
@@ -63,4 +65,5 @@ If this config does not work for you, try the flavor "tap-preferred" and a short
If you want to use a tap-hold with a keycode from a different code page, you have to define another behavior with another "bindings" parameter.For example, if you want to use SHIFT and volume up, define the bindings like `bindings = <&kp>, <&cp>;`. Only single-argument behaviors are supported at the moment.
#### Comparison to QMK
The hold-preferred flavor works similar to the `HOLD_ON_OTHER_KEY_PRESS` setting in QMK. The 'balanced' flavor is similar to the `PERMISSIVE_HOLD` setting, and the `tap-preferred` flavor is similar to `IGNORE_MOD_TAP_INTERRUPT`.
The "layer-tap" behavior enables a layer when a key is held, and output another key when the key is only tapped for a short time. For more information on the inner workings of layer-tap, see [hold-tap](./hold-tap.md).
### Behavior Binding
- Reference: `<`
- Parameter: The layer number to enable when held, e.g. `1`
- Parameter: The keycode to send when tapped, e.g. `A`
@ -40,4 +40,3 @@ You can configure a different tapping term in your keymap:
@@ -40,4 +40,3 @@ You can configure a different tapping term in your keymap:
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ battery life in this scenario, some controller boards have support to disable th
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ battery life in this scenario, some controller boards have support to disable th
external power completely.
The following boards currently support this feature:
- nRFMicro
- nice!nano
@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ This will allow you to reference the actions defined in this header such as `EXT
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ This will allow you to reference the actions defined in this header such as `EXT
Here is a table describing the command for each define:
@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ working components of ZMK are kept separate from your personal keyboard settings
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ working components of ZMK are kept separate from your personal keyboard settings
This makes flashing ZMK to your keyboard much easier, especially because you don't need to keep an up-to-date copy of zmk on your computer at all times.
On default `zmk-config` folder should contain two files:
* `<shield>.conf`
* `<shield>`.keymap
- `<shield>.conf`
- `<shield>`.keymap
However, your config folder can also be modified to include a `boards/` directory for keymaps and configurations for multiple boards/shields
outside of the default keyboard setting definitions.
@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ If you need to, a review of [Learn The Basics Of Git In Under 10 Minutes](https:
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ If you need to, a review of [Learn The Basics Of Git In Under 10 Minutes](https:
default keyboard settings.
**Notice that this path should point to the folder labelled `config` within your `zmk-config` folder.**
For instance, building kyria firmware from a user `myUser`'s `zmk-config` folder on Windows 10 may look something like this:
@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ west build -b planck_rev6
@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ west build -b planck_rev6
```
### Pristine Building
When building for a new board and/or shield after having built one previously, you may need to enable the pristine build option. This option removes all existing files in the build directory before regenerating them, and can be enabled by adding either --pristine or -p to the command:
```sh
west build -p -b proton_c -- -DSHIELD=kyria_left
```
### Building For Split Keyboards
:::note
@ -78,10 +80,13 @@ By default, the `build` command outputs a single .uf2 file named `zmk.uf2` so bu
@@ -78,10 +80,13 @@ By default, the `build` command outputs a single .uf2 file named `zmk.uf2` so bu
```
west build -d build/left -b nice_nano -- -DSHIELD=kyria_left
```
and then building right into `build/right`:
```
west build -d build/right -b nice_nano -- -DSHIELD=kyria_right
```
This produces `left` and `right` subfolders under the `build` directory and two separate .uf2 files. For future work on a specific half, use the `-d` parameter again to ensure you are building into the correct location.
### Building from `zmk-config` Folder
@ -89,14 +94,12 @@ This produces `left` and `right` subfolders under the `build` directory and two
@@ -89,14 +94,12 @@ This produces `left` and `right` subfolders under the `build` directory and two
Instead of building .uf2 files using the default keymap and config files, you can build directly from your [`zmk-config` folder](user-setup#github-repo) by adding
`-DZMK_CONFIG="C:/the/absolute/path/config"` to your `west build` command. **Notice that this path should point to the folder labelled `config` within your `zmk-config` folder.**
For instance, building kyria firmware from a user `myUser`'s `zmk-config` folder on Windows 10 may look something like this:
```
west build -b nice_nano -- -DSHIELD=kyria_left -DZMK_CONFIG="C:/Users/myUser/Documents/Github/zmk-config/config"
```
## Flashing
Once built, the previously supplied parameters will be remembered so you can run the following to flash your
Similarly to defining the halves of a split board in `Kconfig.shield` it is important to set the `ZMK_KEYBOARD_NAME` for each half of a split keyboard.
```
@ -100,7 +99,6 @@ endif
@@ -100,7 +99,6 @@ endif
![Labelled Pro Micro pins](assets/pro-micro/pro-micro-pins-labelled.jpg)
ZMK uses the green color coded pin names to generate devicetree node references. For example, to refer to the node `D0` in the devicetree files, use `&pro_micro_d 0` or to refer to `A1`, use `&pro_micro_a 1`.
<Tabs
@ -249,9 +247,9 @@ While unibody boards only have one .conf file that applies configuration charact
@@ -249,9 +247,9 @@ While unibody boards only have one .conf file that applies configuration charact
split keyboards are unique in that they contain multiple .conf files with different scopes.
For example, a split board called `my_awesome_split_board` would have the following files:
*`my_awesome_split_board.conf` - Configuration elements affect both halves
*`my_awesome_split_board_left.conf` - Configuration elements only affect left half
*`my_awesome_split_board_right.conf` - Configuration elements only affect right half
-`my_awesome_split_board.conf` - Configuration elements affect both halves
-`my_awesome_split_board_left.conf` - Configuration elements only affect left half
-`my_awesome_split_board_right.conf` - Configuration elements only affect right half
For proper communication between keyboard halves and that between the central half and the computer,
the **the central and peripheral halves of the keyboard must be defined**. This can be seen below.
@ -421,7 +419,6 @@ If building locally for split boards, you may need to add these lines to the spe
@@ -421,7 +419,6 @@ If building locally for split boards, you may need to add these lines to the spe
<TabItemvalue ="dtsi">
In your device tree file you will need to add the following lines to define the encoder sensor:
Here you will have to replace PIN_A and PIN_B with the appropriate pins that your PCB utilizes for the encoder(s). For keyboards that use the Pro Micro or any of the Pro Micro replacements, Sparkfun's [Pro Micro Hookup Guide](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pro-micro--fio-v3-hookup-guide/hardware-overview-pro-micro) has a pinout diagram that can be useful to determine the right pins. Reference either the blue numbers labeled "Arduino" (digital pins) or the green numbers labeled "Analog" (analog pins). For pins that are labeled as both digital and analog, refer to your specific board's .dtsi file to determine how you should refer to that pin.
Add additional encoders as necessary by duplicating the above lines, replacing `left` with whatever you would like to call your encoder, and updating the pins. Note that support for peripheral (right) side sensors over BLE is still in progress.
@ -467,6 +465,7 @@ Add the following line to your keymap file to add default encoder behavior bindi
@@ -467,6 +465,7 @@ Add the following line to your keymap file to add default encoder behavior bindi
```
sensor-bindings = <&inc_dec_cp M_VOLU M_VOLD>;
```
Add additional bindings as necessary to match the default number of encoders on your board. See the [Encoders](/docs/feature/encoders) and [Keymap](/docs/feature/keymaps) feature documentation for more details.
@ -169,9 +169,11 @@ Chocolatey is recommended and used for the following instructions. You can manua
@@ -169,9 +169,11 @@ Chocolatey is recommended and used for the following instructions. You can manua
```
It is recommended to install `dfu-util` to avoid any later confusion while flashing devices. You can do this by running this command with chocolatey:
This setup leverages the same [image which is used by the GitHub action](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zephyr-west-action) for local development. Beyond the benefits of [dev/prod parity](https://12factor.net/dev-prod-parity), this approach is also the easiest to set up. No toolchain or dependencies are necessary when using Docker; the container image you'll be using already has the toolchain installed and set up to use.
1. Install [Docker Desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) for your operating system.
3. Install the [Remote - Containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers)
@ -368,7 +369,6 @@ Since ZMK is built as a Zephyr™ application, the next step is
@@ -368,7 +369,6 @@ Since ZMK is built as a Zephyr™ application, the next step is
to use `west` to initialize and update your workspace. The ZMK
Zephyr™ application is in the `app/` source directory:
#### Step into the repository
<OsTabs>
@ -453,7 +453,6 @@ If you're using Docker, you're done with setup! You must restart the container a
@@ -453,7 +453,6 @@ If you're using Docker, you're done with setup! You must restart the container a
Once your container is restarted, proceed to [Building and Flashing](./dev-build.md).
As a best-in-class RTOS, Zephyr™ brings many [benefits](https://www.zephyrproject.org/benefits) to ZMK, such as:
- A *single* platform [supporting](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards) many architectures, processors and boards.
- A _single_ platform [supporting](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards) many architectures, processors and boards.
- Optimization for low-powered, small memory footprint devices.
- Powerful hardware abstraction and configuration using [DeviceTree](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/guides/dts/index.html) and [Kconfig](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/guides/kconfig/index.html).
- A BLE stack that periodically obtains [qualification](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/guides/bluetooth/bluetooth-qual.html) listings, making it easier for final products to obtain qualification from the Bluetooth® SIG.
@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ ZMK uses the MIT [license](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/LICENSE)
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ ZMK uses the MIT [license](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/LICENSE)
ZMK has the potential to run on any platform supported by Zephyr™. However, it’s impractical for the ZMK contributors to test all possible hardware.
The Zephyr™ [documentation](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards/index.html) describes which hardware is currently natively supported by the Zephyr™ platform. *Similar documentation covering which keyboards have been integrated into ZMK is currently being planned.*
The Zephyr™ [documentation](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards/index.html) describes which hardware is currently natively supported by the Zephyr™ platform. _Similar documentation covering which keyboards have been integrated into ZMK is currently being planned._
### Does ZMK compile for AVR?
@ -49,26 +50,28 @@ ZMK is still in its infancy, so there’s a learning curve involved. But if you
@@ -49,26 +50,28 @@ ZMK is still in its infancy, so there’s a learning curve involved. But if you
### What is a “board”?
In ZMK, a *board* defines the *PCB* that *includes the MCU*.
In ZMK, a _board_ defines the _PCB_ that _includes the MCU_.
For keyboards, this is one of two options:
- Complete keyboard PCBs that include the MCU (e.g. the Planck or Preonic).
- Small MCU boards (e.g. the Proton-C or nice!nano) that expose pins and are designed to be combined with larger keyboard PCBs, or hand wired to switches to create the final keyboard.
### What is a “shield”?
In ZMK, a *shield* is a *PCB* or *hardwired set of components* that when combined with a MCU only [board](#what-is-a-board) like the Proton-C or nice!nano, results in a complete usable keyboard. Examples would be keyboard PCBs like the Kyria or Corne. The *shield* is usually the big PCB containing all the keys.
In ZMK, a _shield_ is a _PCB_ or _hardwired set of components_ that when combined with a MCU only [board](#what-is-a-board) like the Proton-C or nice!nano, results in a complete usable keyboard. Examples would be keyboard PCBs like the Kyria or Corne. The _shield_ is usually the big PCB containing all the keys.
### Why *boards* and *shields*? Why not just “keyboard”?
### Why _boards_ and _shields_? Why not just “keyboard”?
If you haven't already done so, please read these FAQs first:
- [What is a “board”?](#what-is-a-board)
- [What is a "shield"?](#what-is-a-shield)
When a keyboard accepts a small “PCB MCU module” (e.g. *Arduino Pro Micro*) for its “brains”, then it's important to conceptually separate the hardware into a [board](#what-is-a-board) PCB and a [shield](#what-is-a-shield) PCB.
When a keyboard accepts a small “PCB MCU module” (e.g. _Arduino Pro Micro_) for its “brains”, then it's important to conceptually separate the hardware into a [board](#what-is-a-board) PCB and a [shield](#what-is-a-shield) PCB.
The [shield](#what-is-a-shield) is a brainless shell containing all the keys, RGB LEDs, encoders etc. It maps all of these features to a standard pin footprint, such as the Pro Micro pinout.
To bring this brainless [shield](#what-is-a-shield) to life, you attach any MCU [board](#what-is-a-board) matching the footprint. For instance, the *nice!nano* is *pin-compatible* with the *Arduino Pro Micro*, so you can substitute either [board](#what-is-a-board) onto the [shield](#what-is-a-shield). But each [board](#what-is-a-board) comes with its own features (MCU, flash, BLE, etc.) which must also be handled.
To bring this brainless [shield](#what-is-a-shield) to life, you attach any MCU [board](#what-is-a-board) matching the footprint. For instance, the _nice!nano_ is _pin-compatible_ with the _Arduino Pro Micro_, so you can substitute either [board](#what-is-a-board) onto the [shield](#what-is-a-shield). But each [board](#what-is-a-board) comes with its own features (MCU, flash, BLE, etc.) which must also be handled.
Therefore in ZMK, [board](#what-is-a-board) and [shield](#what-is-a-shield) are considered two different (but related) entities so that it’s easier to mix and match them. They are combined during a ZMK build.
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ If your board or shield does not have RGB underglow configured, refer to [Adding
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ If your board or shield does not have RGB underglow configured, refer to [Adding
There are various Kconfig options used to configure the RGB underglow feature. These can all be set in the `.conf` file.
@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ firmware built on the [Zephyr™ Project](https://zephyrproject.org/) Real Time
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ firmware built on the [Zephyr™ Project](https://zephyrproject.org/) Real Time
ZMK is currently missing some features found in other popular firmware. This table compares the features supported by ZMK, BlueMicro and QMK:
@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ ZMK is currently missing some features found in other popular firmware. This tab
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ ZMK is currently missing some features found in other popular firmware. This tab
| Realtime Keymap Updating | 💡 | | ✅ |
| AVR/8 Bit | | | ✅ |
| [Wide Range of ARM Chips Supported](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards/index.html) | ✅ | | |
[^2]: Encoders are not currently supported on peripheral side splits.
[^1]: OLEDs are currently proof of concept in ZMK.
The following page provides suggestions for common errors that may occur during firmware compilation. If the information provided is insufficient to resolve the issue, feel free to seek out help from the [ZMK Discord](https://zmkfirmware.dev/community/discord/invite).
@ -12,18 +13,17 @@ The following page provides suggestions for common errors that may occur during
@@ -12,18 +13,17 @@ The following page provides suggestions for common errors that may occur during
Variations of the warnings shown below occur when flashing the `<firmware>.uf2` onto the microcontroller. This is because the microcontroller resets itself before the OS receives confirmation that the file transfer is complete. Errors like this are normal and can generally be ignored. Verification of a functional board can be done by attempting to pair your newly flashed keyboard to your computer via Bluetooth or plugging in a USB cable if `ZMK_USB` is enabled in your Kconfig.defconfig.
| An example of the file transfer error on MacOS |
### CMake Error
```
@ -44,24 +44,23 @@ CMake Warnings shown above during `west build` are normal occurrences. They shou
@@ -44,24 +44,23 @@ CMake Warnings shown above during `west build` are normal occurrences. They shou
On the other hand, an error along the lines of `CMake Error at (zmk directory)/zephyr/cmake/generic_toolchain.cmake:64 (include): include could not find load file:` during firmware compilation indicates that the Zephyr Environment Variables are not properly defined.
For more information, click [here](../docs/dev-setup#environment-variables).
### dtlib.DTError
An error along the lines of `dtlib.DTError: <board>.dts.pre.tmp:<line number>` during firmware compilation indicates an issue within the `<shield>.keymap` file.
This can be verified by checking the file in question, found in `mkdir/app/build`.
| An example of the dtlib.DTError when compiling an iris with the nice!nano while the keymap is not properly defined |
After opening the `<board>.dts.pre.tmp:<line number>` and scrolling down to the referenced line, one can locate errors within their shield's keymap by checking if the referenced keycodes were properly converted into the correct [USB HID Usage ID](https://www.usb.org/document-library/hid-usage-tables-12).
| An incorrectly defined keymap unable to compile. As shown in red, `&kp SPAC` is not a valid reference to the [USB HID Usage ID](https://www.usb.org/document-library/hid-usage-tables-12) used for "Keyboard Spacebar" |
| A properly defined keymap with successful compilation. As shown in red, the corrected keycode (`&kp SPC`) references the proper Usage ID defined in the [USB HID Usage Tables](https://www.usb.org/document-library/hid-usage-tables-12) |
### Split Keyboard Halves Unable to Pair
@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ to avoid accidental bonding between the halves.
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ to avoid accidental bonding between the halves.
After completing these steps, pair the halves of the split keyboard together by resetting them at the same time. Most commonly, this is done by grounding the reset pins
for each of your keyboard's microcontrollers or pressing the reset buttons at the same time.
### Connectivity Issues ###
### Connectivity Issues
Some users may experience a poor connection between the keyboard and the host. This might be due to poor quality BLE hardware, a metal enclosure on the keyboard or host, or the distance between them. Increasing the transmit power of the keyboard's BLE radio may reduce the severity of this problem. To do this, set the `CONFIG_BT_CTLR_TX_PWR_PLUS_8` configuration value in the `.conf` file of your user config directory as such: