Merge branch 'feature/uds' of github.com:Jhynjhiruu/ctru-rs into feature/uds

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         toolchain:
           # Run against a "known good" nightly. Rustc version is 1 day behind the toolchain date
-          - nightly-2023-06-01
+          - nightly-2024-02-18
           # Check for breakage on latest nightly
           - nightly
 
@@ -43,17 +43,22 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check formatting
         run: cargo fmt --all --verbose -- --check
 
+      # We always run the next two steps, so that even if formatting fails we
+      # still get compilation errors for the same run (mainly for matchers).
+
       - name: Cargo check ctru-sys (without tests)
         run: cargo 3ds clippy --package ctru-sys --color=always --verbose
+        if: success() || failure()
 
       - name: Cargo check ctru-rs (including tests)
         run: cargo 3ds clippy --package ctru-rs --color=always --verbose --all-targets
+        if: success() || failure()
 
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         toolchain:
-          - nightly-2023-06-01
+          - nightly-2024-02-18
           - nightly
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.toolchain == 'nightly' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

ctru-rs/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ categories = ["os", "api-bindings", "hardware-support"]
 exclude = ["examples"]
 license = "Zlib"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.70"
+rust-version = "1.73"
 
 [lib]
 crate-type = ["rlib"]
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ pthread-3ds = { git = "https://github.com/rust3ds/pthread-3ds.git" }
 libc = "0.2.121"
 bitflags = "2.3.3"
 macaddr = "1.0.1"
+widestring = "1.0.2"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 toml = "0.5"

ctru-rs/examples/file-explorer.rs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl<'a> FileExplorer<'a> {
     fn get_input_and_run(&mut self, action: impl FnOnce(&mut Self, String)) {
         let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
 
-        match keyboard.get_string(2048, self.apt, self.gfx) {
+        match keyboard.launch(self.apt, self.gfx) {
             Ok((path, Button::Right)) => {
                 // Clicked "OK".
                 action(self, path);

ctru-rs/examples/software-keyboard.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 use ctru::applets::swkbd::{Button, CallbackResult, SoftwareKeyboard};
 use ctru::prelude::*;
 
-use std::ffi::CString;
-
 fn main() {
     let apt = Apt::new().unwrap();
     let mut hid = Hid::new().unwrap();
@@ -21,13 +19,9 @@ fn main() {
     // Custom filter callback to handle the given input.
     // Using this callback it's possible to integrate the applet
     // with custom error messages when the input is incorrect.
-    keyboard.set_filter_callback(Some(Box::new(|str| {
-        // The string is guaranteed to contain valid Unicode text, so we can safely unwrap and use it as a normal `&str`.
-        if str.to_str().unwrap().contains("boo") {
-            return (
-                CallbackResult::Retry,
-                Some(CString::new("Ah, you scared me!").unwrap()),
-            );
+    keyboard.set_filter_callback(Some(Box::new(move |str| {
+        if str.contains("boo") {
+            return (CallbackResult::Retry, Some("Ah, you scared me!".into()));
         }
 
         (CallbackResult::Ok, None)
@@ -44,9 +38,9 @@ fn main() {
 
         // Check if the user request to write some input.
         if hid.keys_down().contains(KeyPad::A) {
-            // Raise the software keyboard. You can perform different actions depending on which
+            // Launch the software keyboard. You can perform different actions depending on which
             // software button the user pressed.
-            match keyboard.get_string(2048, &apt, &gfx) {
+            match keyboard.launch(&apt, &gfx) {
                 Ok((text, Button::Right)) => println!("You entered: {text}"),
                 Ok((_, Button::Left)) => println!("Cancelled"),
                 Ok((_, Button::Middle)) => println!("How did you even press this?"),

ctru-rs/src/applets/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+//! Error applet.
+//!
+//! This applet displays error text as a pop-up message on the lower screen.
+
+use crate::services::{apt::Apt, gfx::Gfx};
+
+use ctru_sys::errorConf;
+
+/// Configuration struct to set up the Error applet.
+#[doc(alias = "errorConf")]
+pub struct PopUp {
+    state: Box<errorConf>,
+}
+
+/// Determines whether the Error applet will use word wrapping when displaying a message.
+#[doc(alias = "errorType")]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum WordWrap {
+    /// Error text is centered in the error applet window and does not use word wrapping.
+    Disabled = ctru_sys::ERROR_TEXT,
+    /// Error text starts at the top of the error applet window and uses word wrapping.
+    Enabled = ctru_sys::ERROR_TEXT_WORD_WRAP,
+}
+
+/// Error returned by an unsuccessful [`PopUp::launch()`].
+#[doc(alias = "errorReturnCode")]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(i8)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// Unknown error occurred.
+    Unknown = ctru_sys::ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+    /// Operation not supported.
+    NotSupported = ctru_sys::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+    /// Home button pressed while [`PopUp`] was running.
+    HomePressed = ctru_sys::ERROR_HOME_BUTTON,
+    /// Power button pressed while [`PopUp`] was running.
+    PowerPressed = ctru_sys::ERROR_POWER_BUTTON,
+    /// Reset button pressed while [`PopUp`] was running.
+    ResetPressed = ctru_sys::ERROR_SOFTWARE_RESET,
+}
+
+impl PopUp {
+    /// Initializes the error applet with the provided word wrap setting.
+    #[doc(alias = "errorInit")]
+    pub fn new(word_wrap: WordWrap) -> Self {
+        let mut state = Box::<errorConf>::default();
+
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::errorInit(state.as_mut(), word_wrap as _, 0) };
+
+        Self { state }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the error text to display.
+    ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// The text will be converted to UTF-16 for display with the applet, and the message will be truncated if it exceeds
+    /// 1900 UTF-16 code units in length after conversion.
+    #[doc(alias = "errorText")]
+    pub fn set_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
+        for (idx, code_unit) in text
+            .encode_utf16()
+            .take(self.state.Text.len() - 1)
+            .chain(std::iter::once(0))
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            self.state.Text[idx] = code_unit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Launches the error applet.
+    #[doc(alias = "errorDisp")]
+    pub fn launch(&mut self, _apt: &Apt, _gfx: &Gfx) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe { self.launch_unchecked() }
+    }
+
+    /// Launches the error applet without requiring an [`Apt`] or [`Gfx`] handle.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Potentially leads to undefined behavior if the aforementioned services are not actually active when the applet launches.
+    unsafe fn launch_unchecked(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::errorDisp(self.state.as_mut()) };
+
+        match self.state.returnCode {
+            ctru_sys::ERROR_NONE | ctru_sys::ERROR_SUCCESS => Ok(()),
+            ctru_sys::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED => Err(Error::NotSupported),
+            ctru_sys::ERROR_HOME_BUTTON => Err(Error::HomePressed),
+            ctru_sys::ERROR_POWER_BUTTON => Err(Error::PowerPressed),
+            ctru_sys::ERROR_SOFTWARE_RESET => Err(Error::ResetPressed),
+            _ => Err(Error::Unknown),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets a custom [panic hook](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/panic/fn.set_hook.html) that uses the error applet to display panic messages.
+///
+/// You can also choose to have the previously registered panic hook called along with the error applet popup, which can be useful
+/// if you want to use output redirection to display panic messages over `3dslink` or `GDB`.
+///
+/// You can use [`std::panic::take_hook`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/panic/fn.take_hook.html) to unregister the panic hook
+/// set by this function.
+///
+/// # Notes
+///
+/// * If the [`Gfx`] service is not initialized during a panic, the error applet will not be displayed and the old panic hook will be called.
+pub fn set_panic_hook(call_old_hook: bool) {
+    use crate::services::gfx::GFX_ACTIVE;
+    use std::sync::TryLockError;
+
+    let old_hook = std::panic::take_hook();
+
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
+        // If we get a `WouldBlock` error, we know that the `Gfx` service has been initialized.
+        // Otherwise fallback to using the old panic hook.
+        if let (Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock), Ok(_apt)) = (GFX_ACTIVE.try_lock(), Apt::new()) {
+            if call_old_hook {
+                old_hook(panic_info);
+            }
+
+            let thread = std::thread::current();
+
+            let name = thread.name().unwrap_or("<unnamed>");
+
+            let message = format!("thread '{name}' {panic_info}");
+
+            let mut popup = PopUp::new(WordWrap::Enabled);
+
+            popup.set_text(&message);
+
+            unsafe {
+                let _ = popup.launch_unchecked();
+            }
+        } else {
+            old_hook(panic_info);
+        }
+    }));
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::NotSupported => write!(f, "operation not supported"),
+            Self::HomePressed => write!(f, "home button pressed while error applet was running"),
+            Self::PowerPressed => write!(f, "power button pressed while error applet was running"),
+            Self::ResetPressed => write!(f, "reset button pressed while error applet was running"),
+            Self::Unknown => write!(f, "an unknown error occurred"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}

ctru-rs/src/applets/mod.rs

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@
 //!
 //! Applets block execution of the thread that launches them as long as the user doesn't close the applet.
 
+pub mod error;
 pub mod mii_selector;
 pub mod swkbd;

ctru-rs/src/applets/swkbd.rs

@@ -4,24 +4,27 @@
 #![doc(alias = "keyboard")]
 
 use crate::services::{apt::Apt, gfx::Gfx};
-use ctru_sys::{self, SwkbdState};
+use ctru_sys::{
+    aptLaunchLibraryApplet, aptSetMessageCallback, envGetAptAppId, svcCloseHandle,
+    svcCreateMemoryBlock, APT_SendParameter, SwkbdButton, SwkbdDictWord, SwkbdLearningData,
+    SwkbdState, SwkbdStatusData, APPID_SOFTWARE_KEYBOARD, APTCMD_MESSAGE, NS_APPID,
+};
 
 use bitflags::bitflags;
-use libc;
 
-use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::iter::once;
 use std::str;
 
-type CallbackFunction = dyn Fn(&CStr) -> (CallbackResult, Option<CString>);
+type CallbackFunction = dyn Fn(&str) -> (CallbackResult, Option<Cow<'static, str>>);
 
 /// Configuration structure to setup the Software Keyboard applet.
 #[doc(alias = "SwkbdState")]
 pub struct SoftwareKeyboard {
     state: Box<SwkbdState>,
-    callback: Option<Box<CallbackFunction>>,
-    error_message: Option<CString>,
+    filter_callback: Option<Box<CallbackFunction>>,
+    initial_text: Option<Cow<'static, str>>,
 }
 
 /// Configuration structure to setup the Parental Lock applet.
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ pub enum ButtonConfig {
     LeftMiddleRight = 3,
 }
 
-/// Error returned by an unsuccessful [`SoftwareKeyboard::get_string()`].
+/// Error returned by an unsuccessful [`SoftwareKeyboard::launch()`].
 #[doc(alias = "SwkbdResult")]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(i32)]
@@ -206,6 +209,13 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
+// Internal book-keeping struct used to send data to `aptSetMessageCallback` when calling the software keyboard.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct MessageCallbackData {
+    filter_callback: *const Box<CallbackFunction>,
+    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr: *mut libc::c_void,
+}
+
 impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// Initialize a new configuration for the Software Keyboard applet depending on how many "exit" buttons are available to the user (1, 2 or 3).
     ///
@@ -231,71 +241,14 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
             ctru_sys::swkbdInit(state.as_mut(), keyboard_type.into(), buttons.into(), -1);
             Self {
                 state,
-                callback: None,
-                error_message: None,
+                filter_callback: None,
+                initial_text: None,
             }
         }
     }
 
     /// Launches the applet based on the given configuration and returns a string containing the text input.
     ///
-    /// # Notes
-    ///
-    /// The text received from the keyboard will be truncated if it is longer than `max_bytes`.
-    /// Use [`SoftwareKeyboard::set_max_text_len()`] to make sure the buffer can contain the input text.
-    ///
-    /// # Example
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # let _runner = test_runner::GdbRunner::default();
-    /// # use std::error::Error;
-    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    /// # use ctru::services::{apt::Apt, gfx::Gfx};
-    /// #
-    /// # let gfx = Gfx::new().unwrap();
-    /// # let apt = Apt::new().unwrap();
-    /// #
-    /// use ctru::applets::swkbd::SoftwareKeyboard;
-    /// let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
-    ///
-    /// let (text, button) = keyboard.get_string(2048, &apt, &gfx)?;
-    /// #
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    #[doc(alias = "swkbdInputText")]
-    pub fn get_string(
-        &mut self,
-        max_bytes: usize,
-        apt: &Apt,
-        gfx: &Gfx,
-    ) -> Result<(String, Button), Error> {
-        // Unfortunately the libctru API doesn't really provide a way to get the exact length
-        // of the string that it receieves from the software keyboard. Instead it expects you
-        // to pass in a buffer and hope that it's big enough to fit the entire string, so
-        // you have to set some upper limit on the potential size of the user's input.
-        let mut tmp = vec![0u8; max_bytes];
-        let button = self.write_exact(&mut tmp, apt, gfx)?;
-
-        // libctru does, however, seem to ensure that the buffer will always contain a properly
-        // terminated UTF-8 sequence even if the input has to be truncated, so these operations
-        // should be safe.
-        let len = unsafe { libc::strlen(tmp.as_ptr()) };
-        tmp.truncate(len);
-
-        let res = unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(tmp) };
-
-        Ok((res, button))
-    }
-
-    /// Fills the provided buffer with a UTF-8 encoded, NUL-terminated sequence of bytes from
-    /// this software keyboard.
-    ///
-    /// # Notes
-    ///
-    /// If the buffer is too small to contain the entire sequence received from the keyboard,
-    /// the output will be truncated.
-    ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```
@@ -310,30 +263,21 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// use ctru::applets::swkbd::SoftwareKeyboard;
     /// let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
     ///
-    /// let mut buffer = vec![0; 100];
-    ///
-    /// let button = keyboard.write_exact(&mut buffer, &apt, &gfx)?;
+    /// let (text, button) = keyboard.launch(&apt, &gfx)?;
     /// #
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
     #[doc(alias = "swkbdInputText")]
-    pub fn write_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8], _apt: &Apt, _gfx: &Gfx) -> Result<Button, Error> {
-        unsafe {
-            // The filter callback gets reset every time the SoftwareKeyboard is used.
-            ctru_sys::swkbdSetFilterCallback(
-                self.state.as_mut(),
-                Some(Self::internal_callback),
-                (self as *mut Self).cast(),
-            );
-
-            match ctru_sys::swkbdInputText(self.state.as_mut(), buf.as_mut_ptr(), buf.len()) {
-                ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE => Err(self.state.result.into()),
-                ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_LEFT => Ok(Button::Left),
-                ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_MIDDLE => Ok(Button::Middle),
-                ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_RIGHT => Ok(Button::Right),
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
+    pub fn launch(&mut self, apt: &Apt, gfx: &Gfx) -> Result<(String, Button), Error> {
+        let mut output = String::new();
+
+        match self.swkbd_input_text(&mut output, apt, gfx) {
+            ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE => Err(self.state.result.into()),
+            ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_LEFT => Ok((output, Button::Left)),
+            ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_MIDDLE => Ok((output, Button::Middle)),
+            ctru_sys::SWKBD_BUTTON_RIGHT => Ok((output, Button::Right)),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -399,17 +343,13 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// # fn main() {
     /// #
     /// use std::borrow::Cow;
-    /// use std::ffi::CString;
     /// use ctru::applets::swkbd::{SoftwareKeyboard, CallbackResult};
     ///
     /// let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
     ///
-    /// keyboard.set_filter_callback(Some(Box::new(|str| {
-    ///     if str.to_str().unwrap().contains("boo") {
-    ///         return (
-    ///             CallbackResult::Retry,
-    ///             Some(CString::new("Ah, you scared me!").unwrap()),
-    ///         );
+    /// keyboard.set_filter_callback(Some(Box::new(move |str| {
+    ///     if str.contains("boo") {
+    ///         return (CallbackResult::Retry, Some("Ah, you scared me!".into()));
     ///     }
     ///
     ///     (CallbackResult::Ok, None)
@@ -417,45 +357,7 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// #
     /// # }
     pub fn set_filter_callback(&mut self, callback: Option<Box<CallbackFunction>>) {
-        self.callback = callback;
-    }
-
-    /// Internal function called by the filter callback.
-    extern "C" fn internal_callback(
-        user: *mut libc::c_void,
-        pp_message: *mut *const libc::c_char,
-        text: *const libc::c_char,
-        _text_size: libc::size_t,
-    ) -> ctru_sys::SwkbdCallbackResult {
-        let this: *mut SoftwareKeyboard = user.cast();
-
-        unsafe {
-            // Reset any leftover error message.
-            (*this).error_message = None;
-
-            let text = CStr::from_ptr(text);
-
-            let result = {
-                // Run the callback if still available.
-                if let Some(callback) = &mut (*this).callback {
-                    let (res, cstr) = callback(text);
-
-                    // Due to how `libctru` operates, the user is expected to keep the error message alive until
-                    // the end of the Software Keyboard prompt. We ensure that happens by saving it within the configuration.
-                    (*this).error_message = cstr;
-
-                    if let Some(newstr) = &(*this).error_message {
-                        *pp_message = newstr.as_ptr();
-                    }
-
-                    res
-                } else {
-                    CallbackResult::Ok
-                }
-            };
-
-            result.into()
-        }
+        self.filter_callback = callback;
     }
 
     /// Configure the maximum number of digits that can be entered in the keyboard when the [`Filters::DIGITS`] flag is enabled.
@@ -488,6 +390,10 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     ///
     /// The initial text is the text already written when you open the software keyboard.
     ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// Passing [`None`] will clear the initial text.
+    ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```
@@ -497,21 +403,25 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// use ctru::applets::swkbd::SoftwareKeyboard;
     /// let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
     ///
-    /// keyboard.set_initial_text("Write here what you like!");
+    /// keyboard.set_initial_text(Some("Write here what you like!".into()));
     /// #
     /// # }
     #[doc(alias = "swkbdSetInitialText")]
-    pub fn set_initial_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
-        unsafe {
-            let nul_terminated: String = text.chars().chain(once('\0')).collect();
-            ctru_sys::swkbdSetInitialText(self.state.as_mut(), nul_terminated.as_ptr());
-        }
+    pub fn set_initial_text(&mut self, text: Option<Cow<'static, str>>) {
+        self.initial_text = text;
     }
 
     /// Set the hint text for this software keyboard.
     ///
     /// The hint text is the text shown in gray before any text gets written in the input box.
     ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// Passing [`None`] will clear the hint text.
+    ///
+    /// The hint text will be converted to UTF-16 when passed to the software keyboard, and the text will be truncated
+    /// if the length exceeds 64 code units after conversion.
+    ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```
@@ -521,14 +431,22 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// use ctru::applets::swkbd::SoftwareKeyboard;
     /// let mut keyboard = SoftwareKeyboard::default();
     ///
-    /// keyboard.set_hint_text("Write here what you like!");
+    /// keyboard.set_hint_text(Some("Write here what you like!"));
     /// #
     /// # }
     #[doc(alias = "swkbdSetHintText")]
-    pub fn set_hint_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
-        unsafe {
-            let nul_terminated: String = text.chars().chain(once('\0')).collect();
-            ctru_sys::swkbdSetHintText(self.state.as_mut(), nul_terminated.as_ptr());
+    pub fn set_hint_text(&mut self, text: Option<&str>) {
+        if let Some(text) = text {
+            for (idx, code_unit) in text
+                .encode_utf16()
+                .take(self.state.hint_text.len() - 1)
+                .chain(once(0))
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                self.state.hint_text[idx] = code_unit;
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.state.hint_text[0] = 0;
         }
     }
 
@@ -623,15 +541,18 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     /// # }
     #[doc(alias = "swkbdSetButton")]
     pub fn configure_button(&mut self, button: Button, text: &str, submit: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            let nul_terminated: String = text.chars().chain(once('\0')).collect();
-            ctru_sys::swkbdSetButton(
-                self.state.as_mut(),
-                button.into(),
-                nul_terminated.as_ptr(),
-                submit,
-            );
+        let button_text = &mut self.state.button_text[button as usize];
+
+        for (idx, code_unit) in text
+            .encode_utf16()
+            .take(button_text.len() - 1)
+            .chain(once(0))
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            button_text[idx] = code_unit;
         }
+
+        self.state.button_submits_text[button as usize] = submit;
     }
 
     /// Configure the maximum number of UTF-16 code units that can be entered into the software
@@ -643,7 +564,7 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
     ///
     /// Keyboard input is converted from UTF-16 to UTF-8 before being handed to Rust,
     /// so this code point limit does not necessarily equal the max number of UTF-8 code points
-    /// receivable by [`SoftwareKeyboard::get_string()`] and [`SoftwareKeyboard::write_exact()`].
+    /// receivable by [`SoftwareKeyboard::launch()`].
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -664,6 +585,276 @@ impl SoftwareKeyboard {
         // Activate the specific validation rule for maximum length.
         self.state.valid_input = ValidInput::FixedLen.into();
     }
+
+    // A reimplementation of `swkbdInputText` from `libctru/source/applets/swkbd.c`. Allows us to fix various
+    // API nits and get rid of awkward type conversions when interacting with the Software Keyboard.
+    fn swkbd_input_text(&mut self, output: &mut String, _apt: &Apt, _gfx: &Gfx) -> SwkbdButton {
+        use ctru_sys::{
+            MEMPERM_READ, MEMPERM_WRITE, R_FAILED, SWKBD_BUTTON_LEFT, SWKBD_BUTTON_MIDDLE,
+            SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE, SWKBD_BUTTON_RIGHT, SWKBD_D0_CLICK, SWKBD_D1_CLICK0,
+            SWKBD_D1_CLICK1, SWKBD_D2_CLICK0, SWKBD_D2_CLICK1, SWKBD_D2_CLICK2,
+            SWKBD_FILTER_CALLBACK, SWKBD_OUTOFMEM,
+        };
+
+        let swkbd = self.state.as_mut();
+        let extra = unsafe { swkbd.__bindgen_anon_1.extra };
+
+        // Calculate shared mem size
+        let mut shared_mem_size = 0;
+
+        shared_mem_size += (std::mem::size_of::<u16>() * (swkbd.max_text_len as usize + 1))
+            .next_multiple_of(std::mem::size_of::<usize>());
+
+        let dict_off = shared_mem_size;
+
+        shared_mem_size += (std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdDictWord>() * swkbd.dict_word_count as usize)
+            .next_multiple_of(std::mem::size_of::<usize>());
+
+        let status_off = shared_mem_size;
+
+        shared_mem_size += if swkbd.initial_learning_offset >= 0 {
+            std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdStatusData>()
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+
+        let learning_off = shared_mem_size;
+
+        shared_mem_size += if swkbd.initial_learning_offset >= 0 {
+            std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdLearningData>()
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+
+        if swkbd.save_state_flags & (1 << 0) != 0 {
+            swkbd.status_offset = shared_mem_size as _;
+            shared_mem_size += std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdStatusData>();
+        }
+
+        if swkbd.save_state_flags & (1 << 1) != 0 {
+            swkbd.learning_offset = shared_mem_size as _;
+            shared_mem_size += std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdLearningData>();
+        }
+
+        shared_mem_size = shared_mem_size.next_multiple_of(0x1000);
+
+        swkbd.shared_memory_size = shared_mem_size;
+
+        // Allocate shared mem
+        let swkbd_shared_mem_ptr = unsafe { libc::memalign(0x1000, shared_mem_size) };
+
+        let mut swkbd_shared_mem_handle = 0;
+
+        if swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.is_null() {
+            swkbd.result = SWKBD_OUTOFMEM;
+            return SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE;
+        }
+
+        let res = unsafe {
+            svcCreateMemoryBlock(
+                &mut swkbd_shared_mem_handle,
+                swkbd_shared_mem_ptr as _,
+                shared_mem_size as _,
+                MEMPERM_READ | MEMPERM_WRITE,
+                MEMPERM_READ | MEMPERM_WRITE,
+            )
+        };
+
+        if R_FAILED(res) {
+            unsafe {
+                libc::free(swkbd_shared_mem_ptr);
+                swkbd.result = SWKBD_OUTOFMEM;
+                return SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Copy stuff to shared mem
+        if let Some(initial_text) = self.initial_text.as_deref() {
+            swkbd.initial_text_offset = 0;
+
+            let mut initial_text_cursor = swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.cast();
+
+            for code_unit in initial_text
+                .encode_utf16()
+                .take(swkbd.max_text_len as _)
+                .chain(once(0))
+            {
+                unsafe {
+                    *initial_text_cursor = code_unit;
+                    initial_text_cursor = initial_text_cursor.add(1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !extra.dict.is_null() {
+            swkbd.dict_offset = dict_off as _;
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    extra.dict,
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(dict_off).cast(),
+                    swkbd.dict_word_count as _,
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        if swkbd.initial_status_offset >= 0 {
+            swkbd.initial_status_offset = status_off as _;
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    extra.status_data,
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(status_off).cast(),
+                    1,
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        if swkbd.initial_learning_offset >= 0 {
+            swkbd.initial_learning_offset = learning_off as _;
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    extra.learning_data,
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(learning_off).cast(),
+                    1,
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        if self.filter_callback.is_some() {
+            swkbd.filter_flags |= SWKBD_FILTER_CALLBACK;
+        } else {
+            swkbd.filter_flags &= !SWKBD_FILTER_CALLBACK;
+        }
+
+        // Launch swkbd
+        unsafe {
+            swkbd.__bindgen_anon_1.reserved.fill(0);
+
+            // We need to pass a thin pointer to the boxed closure over FFI. Since we know that the message callback will finish before
+            // `self` is allowed to be moved again, we can safely use a pointer to the local value contained in `self.filter_callback`
+            // The cast here is also sound since the pointer will only be read from if `self.filter_callback.is_some()` returns true.
+            let mut data = MessageCallbackData {
+                filter_callback: std::ptr::addr_of!(self.filter_callback).cast(),
+                swkbd_shared_mem_ptr,
+            };
+
+            if self.filter_callback.is_some() {
+                aptSetMessageCallback(
+                    Some(Self::swkbd_message_callback),
+                    std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(data).cast(),
+                )
+            }
+
+            aptLaunchLibraryApplet(
+                APPID_SOFTWARE_KEYBOARD,
+                (swkbd as *mut SwkbdState).cast(),
+                std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdState>(),
+                swkbd_shared_mem_handle,
+            );
+
+            if self.filter_callback.is_some() {
+                aptSetMessageCallback(None, std::ptr::null_mut());
+            }
+
+            let _ = svcCloseHandle(swkbd_shared_mem_handle);
+        }
+
+        let button = match swkbd.result {
+            SWKBD_D1_CLICK0 | SWKBD_D2_CLICK0 => SWKBD_BUTTON_LEFT,
+            SWKBD_D2_CLICK1 => SWKBD_BUTTON_MIDDLE,
+            SWKBD_D0_CLICK | SWKBD_D1_CLICK1 | SWKBD_D2_CLICK2 => SWKBD_BUTTON_RIGHT,
+            _ => SWKBD_BUTTON_NONE,
+        };
+
+        if swkbd.text_length > 0 {
+            let text16 = unsafe {
+                widestring::Utf16Str::from_slice_unchecked(std::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(swkbd.text_offset as _).cast(),
+                    swkbd.text_length as _,
+                ))
+            };
+
+            *output = text16.to_string();
+        }
+
+        if swkbd.save_state_flags & (1 << 0) != 0 {
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(swkbd.status_offset as _).cast(),
+                    extra.status_data,
+                    1,
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        if swkbd.save_state_flags & (1 << 1) != 0 {
+            unsafe {
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(swkbd.learning_offset as _).cast(),
+                    extra.learning_data,
+                    1,
+                )
+            };
+        }
+
+        unsafe { libc::free(swkbd_shared_mem_ptr) };
+
+        button
+    }
+
+    // A reimplementation of `swkbdMessageCallback` from `libctru/source/applets/swkbd.c`.
+    // This function sets up and then calls the filter callback
+    unsafe extern "C" fn swkbd_message_callback(
+        user: *mut libc::c_void,
+        sender: NS_APPID,
+        msg: *mut libc::c_void,
+        msg_size: libc::size_t,
+    ) {
+        if sender != ctru_sys::APPID_SOFTWARE_KEYBOARD
+            || msg_size != std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdState>()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let swkbd = unsafe { &mut *msg.cast::<SwkbdState>() };
+        let data = unsafe { *user.cast::<MessageCallbackData>() };
+
+        let text16 = unsafe {
+            widestring::Utf16Str::from_slice_unchecked(std::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                data.swkbd_shared_mem_ptr.add(swkbd.text_offset as _).cast(),
+                swkbd.text_length as _,
+            ))
+        };
+
+        let text8 = text16.to_string();
+
+        let filter_callback = unsafe { &**data.filter_callback };
+
+        let (result, retmsg) = filter_callback(&text8);
+
+        swkbd.callback_result = result as _;
+
+        if let Some(msg) = retmsg.as_deref() {
+            for (idx, code_unit) in msg
+                .encode_utf16()
+                .take(swkbd.callback_msg.len() - 1)
+                .chain(once(0))
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                swkbd.callback_msg[idx] = code_unit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let _ = unsafe {
+            APT_SendParameter(
+                envGetAptAppId(),
+                sender,
+                APTCMD_MESSAGE,
+                (swkbd as *mut SwkbdState).cast(),
+                std::mem::size_of::<SwkbdState>() as _,
+                0,
+            )
+        };
+    }
 }
 
 impl ParentalLock {

ctru-rs/src/console.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 //!
 //! Have a look at [`Soc::redirect_to_3dslink()`](crate::services::soc::Soc::redirect_to_3dslink) for a better alternative when debugging applications.
 
-use std::cell::RefMut;
-use std::default::Default;
+use std::cell::{RefMut, UnsafeCell};
 
 use ctru_sys::{consoleClear, consoleInit, consoleSelect, consoleSetWindow, PrintConsole};
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ impl<S: Screen + Swap + Flush> ConsoleScreen for S {}
 /// More info in the [`cargo-3ds` docs](https://github.com/rust3ds/cargo-3ds#running-executables).
 #[doc(alias = "PrintConsole")]
 pub struct Console<'screen> {
-    context: Box<PrintConsole>,
+    context: Box<UnsafeCell<PrintConsole>>,
     screen: RefMut<'screen, dyn ConsoleScreen>,
 }
 
@@ -107,9 +106,9 @@ impl<'screen> Console<'screen> {
     /// ```
     #[doc(alias = "consoleInit")]
     pub fn new<S: ConsoleScreen>(screen: RefMut<'screen, S>) -> Self {
-        let mut context = Box::<PrintConsole>::default();
+        let context = Box::<UnsafeCell<PrintConsole>>::default();
 
-        unsafe { consoleInit(screen.as_raw(), context.as_mut()) };
+        unsafe { consoleInit(screen.as_raw(), context.get()) };
 
         Console { context, screen }
     }
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ impl<'screen> Console<'screen> {
     /// ```
     pub fn exists() -> bool {
         unsafe {
-            let current_console = ctru_sys::consoleSelect(&mut EMPTY_CONSOLE);
+            let current_console = ctru_sys::consoleSelect(std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(EMPTY_CONSOLE));
 
             let res = (*current_console).consoleInitialised;
 
@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ impl<'screen> Console<'screen> {
     #[doc(alias = "consoleSelect")]
     pub fn select(&self) {
         unsafe {
-            consoleSelect(self.context.as_ref() as *const _ as *mut _);
+            consoleSelect(self.context.get());
         }
     }
 
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ impl<'screen> Console<'screen> {
 
         unsafe {
             consoleSetWindow(
-                self.context.as_mut(),
+                self.context.get(),
                 x.into(),
                 y.into(),
                 width.into(),
@@ -338,7 +337,10 @@ impl Swap for Console<'_> {
     /// This should be called once per frame at most.
     fn swap_buffers(&mut self) {
         self.screen.swap_buffers();
-        self.context.frameBuffer = self.screen.raw_framebuffer().ptr as *mut u16;
+
+        unsafe {
+            (*self.context.get()).frameBuffer = self.screen.raw_framebuffer().ptr as *mut u16
+        };
     }
 
     fn set_double_buffering(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
@@ -364,9 +366,9 @@ impl Drop for Console<'_> {
             // the screen, but it won't crash either.
 
             // Get the current console by replacing it with an empty one.
-            let current_console = ctru_sys::consoleSelect(&mut EMPTY_CONSOLE);
+            let current_console = ctru_sys::consoleSelect(std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(EMPTY_CONSOLE));
 
-            if std::ptr::eq(current_console, &*self.context) {
+            if std::ptr::eq(current_console, self.context.get()) {
                 // Console dropped while selected. We just replaced it with the
                 // empty console so nothing more to do.
             } else {

ctru-rs/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #![crate_type = "rlib"]
 #![crate_name = "ctru"]
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
+#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![feature(try_trait_v2)]
 #![feature(allocator_api)]

ctru-rs/src/linear.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ unsafe impl Allocator for LinearAllocator {
 
     #[doc(alias = "linearFree")]
     unsafe fn deallocate(&self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, _layout: Layout) {
-        ctru_sys::linearFree(ptr.as_ptr().cast());
+        unsafe {
+            ctru_sys::linearFree(ptr.as_ptr().cast());
+        }
     }
 }

ctru-rs/src/services/am.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ impl<'a> Title<'a> {
     pub fn version(&self) -> u16 {
         self.version
     }
+
+    /// Returns this title's media type
+    pub fn media_type(&self) -> MediaType {
+        self.mediatype
+    }
 }
 
 /// Handle to the Application Manager service.

ctru-rs/src/services/apt.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,48 @@ impl Apt {
             Ok(())
         }
     }
+
+    /// Set if the console is allowed to enter sleep mode.
+    ///
+    /// You can check whether the console is allowed to sleep with [Apt::is_sleep_allowed].
+    #[doc(alias = "aptSetSleepAllowed")]
+    pub fn set_sleep_allowed(&mut self, allowed: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            ctru_sys::aptSetSleepAllowed(allowed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the console is allowed to enter sleep mode.
+    ///
+    /// You can set whether the console is allowed to sleep with [Apt::set_sleep_allowed].
+    #[doc(alias = "aptIsSleepAllowed")]
+    pub fn is_sleep_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptIsSleepAllowed() }
+    }
+
+    /// Set if the console is allowed to enter the home menu.
+    ///
+    /// You can check whether the console is allowed to enter the home menu with [Apt::is_home_allowed].
+    #[doc(alias = "aptSetHomeAllowed")]
+    pub fn set_home_allowed(&mut self, allowed: bool) {
+        unsafe {
+            ctru_sys::aptSetHomeAllowed(allowed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the console is allowed to enter the home menu.
+    ///
+    /// You can set whether the console is allowed to enter the home menu with [Apt::set_home_allowed].
+    #[doc(alias = "aptIsHomeAllowed")]
+    pub fn is_home_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptIsHomeAllowed() }
+    }
+
+    /// Immediately jumps to the home menu.
+    #[doc(alias = "aptJumpToHomeMenu")]
+    pub fn jump_to_home_menu(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptJumpToHomeMenu() }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Apt {
@@ -90,3 +132,48 @@ impl Drop for Apt {
         unsafe { ctru_sys::aptExit() };
     }
 }
+
+/// Can launch other applications when the current one exits.
+pub struct Chainloader<'a> {
+    _apt: &'a Apt,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Chainloader<'a> {
+    /// Gets a handle to the chainloader
+    pub fn new(apt: &'a Apt) -> Self {
+        Self { _apt: apt }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the chainloader is set
+    #[doc(alias = "aptIsChainload")]
+    pub fn is_set(&self) -> bool {
+        // static funtion not exported
+        unsafe { (ctru_sys::envGetSystemRunFlags() & ctru_sys::RUNFLAG_APTCHAINLOAD) != 0 }
+    }
+
+    /// Clears the chainloader state.
+    #[doc(alias = "aptClearChainloader")]
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptClearChainloader() }
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the chainloader to launch a specific application.
+    ///
+    /// See also [`Title`](crate::services::am::Title]
+    #[doc(alias = "aptSetChainloader")]
+    pub fn set(&mut self, title: &super::am::Title<'_>) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptSetChainloader(title.id(), title.media_type() as u8) }
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the chainloader to launch the previous application.
+    #[doc(alias = "aptSetChainloaderToCaller")]
+    pub fn set_to_caller(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptSetChainloaderToCaller() }
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the chainloader to relaunch the current application (i.e. soft-reset)
+    #[doc(alias = "aptSetChainloaderToSelf")]
+    pub fn set_to_self(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { ctru_sys::aptSetChainloaderToSelf() }
+    }
+}

ctru-rs/src/services/gfx.rs

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ pub struct Gfx {
     _service_handler: ServiceReference,
 }
 
-static GFX_ACTIVE: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+pub(crate) static GFX_ACTIVE: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
 
 impl Gfx {
     /// Initialize a new default service handle.

ctru-rs/src/services/ir_user.rs

@@ -347,9 +347,11 @@ impl IrUser {
         let mut shared_mem_guard = IR_USER_STATE.lock().unwrap();
         let shared_mem = shared_mem_guard.as_mut().unwrap();
 
-        shared_mem
-            .service_handle
-            .send_service_request(request, expected_response_len)
+        unsafe {
+            shared_mem
+                .service_handle
+                .send_service_request(request, expected_response_len)
+        }
     }
 }
 

ctru-rs/src/services/ndsp/mod.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use crate::error::ResultCode;
 use crate::services::ServiceReference;
 
 use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
-use std::default::Default;
 use std::error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Mutex;

ctru-rs/src/services/svc.rs

@@ -50,19 +50,28 @@ impl HandleExt for Handle {
     ) -> crate::Result<Vec<u32>> {
         // Copy over the request
         let cmd_buffer_ptr = unsafe { ctru_sys::getThreadCommandBuffer() };
-        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(request.as_ptr(), cmd_buffer_ptr, request.len());
 
-        // Send the request
-        ResultCode(ctru_sys::svcSendSyncRequest(self))?;
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(request.as_ptr(), cmd_buffer_ptr, request.len());
+
+            // Send the request
+            ResultCode(ctru_sys::svcSendSyncRequest(self))?;
 
-        // Handle the result returned by the service
-        let result = unsafe { std::ptr::read(cmd_buffer_ptr.add(1)) };
-        ResultCode(result as ctru_sys::Result)?;
+            // Handle the result returned by the service
+            let result = std::ptr::read(cmd_buffer_ptr.add(1));
+            ResultCode(result as ctru_sys::Result)?;
+        }
 
         // Copy back the response
         request.clear();
         request.resize(expected_response_len, 0);
-        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(cmd_buffer_ptr, request.as_mut_ptr(), expected_response_len);
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                cmd_buffer_ptr,
+                request.as_mut_ptr(),
+                expected_response_len,
+            );
+        }
 
         Ok(request)
     }

ctru-rs/src/services/uds.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl TryFrom<u8> for ConnectionType {
 
 /// ID for a node on the network.
 #[doc(alias = "NetworkNodeID")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum NodeID {
     /// No node ID set (not connected to a network).
     None,

ctru-sys/build.rs

@@ -73,12 +73,14 @@ fn main() {
         .use_core()
         .trust_clang_mangling(false)
         .must_use_type("Result")
-        .layout_tests(false)
+        .layout_tests(true)
         .ctypes_prefix("::libc")
         .prepend_enum_name(false)
         .blocklist_type("u(8|16|32|64)")
         .blocklist_type("__builtin_va_list")
         .blocklist_type("__va_list")
+        .blocklist_type("errorReturnCode")
+        .blocklist_type("errorScreenFlag")
         .opaque_type("MiiData")
         .derive_default(true)
         .wrap_static_fns(true)

ctru-sys/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,24 @@
 pub mod result;
 pub use result::*;
 
+// Fun fact: C compilers are allowed to represent enums as the smallest integer type that can hold all of its variants,
+// meaning that enums are allowed to be the size of a `c_short` or a `c_char` rather than the size of a `c_int`.
+// Libctru's `errorConf` struct contains two enums that depend on this narrowing property for size and alignment purposes,
+// and since `bindgen` generates all enums with `c_int` sizing, we have to blocklist those types and manually define them
+// here with the proper size.
+pub type errorReturnCode = libc::c_schar;
+pub const ERROR_UNKNOWN: errorReturnCode = -1;
+pub const ERROR_NONE: errorReturnCode = 0;
+pub const ERROR_SUCCESS: errorReturnCode = 1;
+pub const ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED: errorReturnCode = 2;
+pub const ERROR_HOME_BUTTON: errorReturnCode = 10;
+pub const ERROR_SOFTWARE_RESET: errorReturnCode = 11;
+pub const ERROR_POWER_BUTTON: errorReturnCode = 12;
+
+pub type errorScreenFlag = libc::c_char;
+pub const ERROR_NORMAL: errorScreenFlag = 0;
+pub const ERROR_STEREO: errorScreenFlag = 1;
+
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/bindings.rs"));
 
 /// In lieu of a proper errno function exposed by libc